BBFC

1.When was the BBFC Formed? - 1912, to protect people from films
2. what media forms do they regulate? - film and video games
3. how are they funded? - By the industry
4. what legislation do they abide by? -
5. what is the process of classification? - All Media is Watched/Played then awarded a classification
6.give historical examples over 20 years - Clockwork Orange and Terminator 2
7.give two examples of films or computer games over last 2 years - Watchdog - Man of Steel
8.what is American equivelent? - MPAA

To what extent are contemporary media regulated adequately (IS Media Regulated effectively)

Audience Effects

Key Words

• Media Effects

Why do audiences consume certain texts: social standing, reputable source,lifestyle

Media Effects Can be Split into 4 Areas

• Hyperdermic Needle Theory
• Diffusion Theories
• Indirect Effect Theories
• The Pluralistic Approach

Media Effects Model
the consumption of media texts has an effect or influence upon the audience
often considered this effect is negative
audience are passsive and powerless.

these theory centre on media texts having a direct influence behaviors, beliefs or attitudes of the audience

Hypodermic needle
here the messages in media texts are injected into the audience by the powerful, syringe -;like media.
the audience is powerless to resist
 therefore the media works like a drug and the audience is drugged, addicted, doped or duped.

•  linear communication theory
• direct and powerful influence
• passive audience

 

•  rooted in 1930s behaviourism
• suggests the audience is directly affected by the media text
• suggests that the media is wholly accepted and not question by the audience.
• audience is passive.
• thi9s theory assumes people wont question the media
• Child's Play 3 - 1993 - James Bulger
• Manuhunt- 2004 - Stefan Pakeerah
• Clockwork Orange -  1971 - Rapes and Attacks
• Severance - 2006 - Simon Everitt

in each case there was a media and political outcry for the texts to be banned
in some cases laws were changed, films banned, and newspapers demmaned the byurning of filoms
subsequently in each case it was found that no case could be proven to demonstrate a link between the text and violent acts

Cultivation Theory

suggests hat repeated exposure to the same message cultivates the belief in the audience
suggests more the audience sees the same message , the more they believe it
attitudes and values can become normalized
the audience may become desensitized to violence